Kyphosis

  • Kyphosis refers to the excessive forward bend of the thoracic spine.

  •  This can lead to an abnormal rounding of the upper back. 

    • Kyphosis can occur at any age but is most common during adolescence as children are going through puberty and growth spurts.

  • The spine has a natural kyphotic curve of between 20-45 degrees. 

    • Although the medical term for a curve that is greater than normal (greater than 50 degrees) is “hyperkyphosis”, most medical providers use the word kyphosis in reference to the condition of excessive curvature in the thoracic spine.

  • Kyphosis can vary in severity and be accompanied by a range of symptoms, from no symptoms to back pain and a visible hump deformity. There are also different types of kyphosis which will help decide if and what treatment is necessary.

  • Postural kyphosis –

    • The most common type and has no association with a structural abnormality of the spine. 

      • This kind of kyphosis is noticed as “poor posture” or “slouching”.

      • Postural kyphosis is typically asymptomatic and can be corrected when the individual is asked to stand up straight. 

        • Physical therapy is recommended to start strengthening postural stability exercises to assist in re-training posture mechanics. 

          • This will prevent back pain from developing later in life

  • Scheuermann’s kyphosis – 

    • This is usually associated with a more severe deformity of the spine than with postural kyphosis. 

    • These individuals will often complain of upper back pain.

    • Scheuermann’s is characterized by a structural abnormality of the spine where the vertebrae are wedge-shaped versus rectangular.

    • This irregular shape is what leads to the increased curvature. 

    • The curve is usually stiff and unable to be corrected by standing up straight. 

      • Treatment options include PT, anti-inflammatories, bracing and surgery (in severe cases).

  • Congenital kyphosis –

    • This is a spinal deformity that is present at birth and due to malformation of the spine in utero. This type of kyphosis is usually progressive and will require surgery at a young age to prevent significant worsening of the curve.

  • Symptoms of kyphosis:

    • Rounded shoulders

    • Visible hump on the back

    • Back pain

    • Fatigue

    • Stiffness

    • Tight hamstrings

  • Based on the type of kyphosis you have, your medical provider will treat your symptoms and any structural deformity that may be present

  • Close follow up will be needed in younger children who have or are at risk for progressive curves.